Balance and motor function were evaluated using rotarod and wire grip tests. All meal studies used to evaluate orofacial pain are fundamentally prone to error.
OROFACIAL FORMALIN TEST AND ANY MAZE PLUS
It seems to be a neural circuit includes the LH and DG, which plays a major role in the neural basis of pain modulation. Anxiety-like behaviors and response to acute and chronic noxious stimuli were assayed using the elevated plus maze, eye wiping test, and orofacial formalin test, respectively. The investigation of human orofacial pain requires an animal test that. None of the antagonists had any significant effect when administrated without intra-LH carbachol microinjection. In addition, the effective dose of SB334867 was lesser than that of TCS OX2 29, which indicates the more prominent role of OX1R of the DG in carbachol-induced antinociception.
![orofacial formalin test and any-maze orofacial formalin test and any-maze](https://journals.physiology.org/cms/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2386/asset/images/medium/dg0510658010.jpeg)
The results showed that OX1R and OX2R antagonists dose-dependently decreased the antinociceptive effect of carbachol. Antinociceptive effects were measured using the tail-flick apparatus. Intra-DG administration of the orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist, SB334867 or the orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) antagonist, TCS OX2 29 was performed just 5 min before intra-LH carbachol microinjection. injection 15 min before intraplantar formalin administration. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 220–250 g were unilaterally implanted with two separate cannulae into the LH and DG. administration of saline, MgSO 4, CuSO 4, or methadone on licking/biting behavior elicited by intraplantar administration of 0.25 formalin in the neuropathic hindlimb of mice.Saline, MgSO 4, CuSO 4, or methadone were administered as a single i.p. The anxiety level was measured by the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. animals used in biomedical and behavioral research, teaching and testing. Methods: Orofacial pain was induced by injecting 50 L of 1 formalin in the lip. Hence, the present study was an attempt to examine the role of OXRs located within the DG in the pain modulation induced by chemical stimulation of the LH. intended to reflect a departure in any way from official animal care and use.
![orofacial formalin test and any-maze orofacial formalin test and any-maze](https://www.scielo.cl/fbpe/img/bres/v44n4/art7.5.gif)
However, the role of orexin receptors (OXRs) of the DG in mediation of antinociceptive responses induced by the LH stimulation in rats has not yet been investigated. The orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) also show connections to regions engaged in the circuitry of pain modulation and many studies have shown their potential to alter pain transmission through the nervous system. All mice were placed in a chamber with a floor of stainless steel bars. A fear conditioning test was conducted as described on days 19 and 20 after surgery.
OROFACIAL FORMALIN TEST AND ANY MAZE TRIAL
The dentate gyrus (DG) as a part of the hippocampal formation is considered one of the brain areas involved in pain perception. Mouse activity and the latency to find the target hole during each trial were recorded using the ANY-Maze video tracking system (SD Instruments, San Diego, CA, USA).